第一章 总则
第一条 为了发展教育事业，提高全民族的素质，促进社会主义物质文明和精神文明建设，根据宪法，制定本法。
第二条 在中华人民共和国境内的各级各类教育，适用本法。
第三条 国家坚持中国共产党的领导，坚持以马克思列宁主义、毛泽东思想、邓小平理论、‘三个代表’重要思想、科学发展观、习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想为指导，遵循宪法确定的基本原则，发展社会主义的教育事业。
第四条 教育是社会主义现代化建设的基础，对提高人民综合素质、促进人的全面发展、增强中华民族创新创造活力、实现中华民族伟大复兴具有决定性意义，国家保障教育事业优先发展。
第五条 教育必须为社会主义现代化建设服务、为人民服务，必须与生产劳动和社会实践相结合，培养德智体美劳全面发展的社会主义建设者和接班人。
第六条 教育应当坚持立德树人，对受教育者加强社会主义核心价值观教育，增强受教育者的社会责任感、创新精神和实践能力。国家在受教育者中进行爱国主义、集体主义、中国特色社会主义的教育，进行理想、道德、纪律、法治、国防和民族团结的教育。
第七条 教育应当继承和弘扬中华优秀传统文化、革命文化、社会主义先进文化，吸收人类文明发展的一切优秀成果。
第八条 教育活动必须符合国家和社会公共利益。国家实行教育与宗教相分离。任何组织和个人不得利用宗教进行妨碍国家教育制度的活动。
第九条 中华人民共和国公民有受教育的权利和义务。公民不分民族、种族、性别、职业、财产状况、宗教信仰等，依法享有平等的受教育机会。
第十条 国家根据各少数民族的特点和需要，帮助各少数民族地区发展教育事业。国家扶持边远贫困地区发展教育事业。国家扶持和发展残疾人教育事业。
第十一条 国家适应社会主义市场经济发展和社会进步的需要，推进教育改革，推动各级各类教育协调发展、衔接融通，完善现代国民教育体系，健全终身教育体系，提高教育现代化水平。国家采取措施促进教育公平，推动教育均衡发展。国家支持、鼓励和组织教育科学研究，推广教育科学研究成果，促进教育质量提高。
第十二条 国家通用语言文字为学校及其他教育机构的基本教育教学语言文字，学校及其他教育机构应当使用国家通用语言文字进行教育教学。民族自治地方以少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构，从实际出发，使用国家通用语言文字和本民族或者当地民族通用的语言文字实施双语教育。国家采取措施，为少数民族学生为主的学校及其他教育机构实施双语教育提供条件和支持。
第十三条 国家对发展教育事业做出突出贡献的组织和个人，给予奖励。
第十四条 国务院和地方各级人民政府根据分级管理、分工负责的原则，领导和管理教育工作。中等及中等以下教育在国务院领导下，由地方人民政府管理。高等教育由国务院和省、自治区、直辖市人民政府管理。
第十五条 国务院教育行政部门主管全国教育工作，统筹规划、协调管理全国的教育事业。县级以上地方各级人民政府教育行政部门主管本行政区域内的教育工作。县级以上各级人民政府其他有关部门在各自的职责范围内，负责有关的教育工作。
第十六条 国务院和县级以上地方各级人民政府应当向本级人民代表大会或者其常务委员会报告教育工作和教育经费预算、决算情况，接受监督。
第二章 教育基本制度
第十七条 国家实行学前教育、初等教育、中等教育、高等教育的学校教育制度。国家建立科学的学制系统。学制系统内的学校和其他教育机构的设置、教育形式、修业年限、招生对象、培养目标等，由国务院或者由国务院授权教育行政部门规定。
第十八条 国家制定学前教育标准，加快普及学前教育，构建覆盖城乡，特别是农村的学前教育公共服务体系。各级人民政府应当采取措施，为适龄儿童接受学前教育提供条件和支持。
第十九条 国家实行九年制义务教育制度。各级人民政府采取各种措施保障适龄儿童、少年就学。适龄儿童、少年的父母或者其他监护人以及有关社会组织和个人有义务使适龄儿童、少年接受并完成规定年限的义务教育。
第二十条 国家实行职业教育制度和继续教育制度。各级人民政府、有关行政部门和行业组织以及企业事业组织应当采取措施，发展并保障公民接受职业学校教育或者各种形式的职业培训。国家鼓励发展多种形式的继续教育，使公民接受适当形式的政治、经济、文化、科学、技术、业务等方面的教育，促进不同类型学习成果的互认和衔接，推动全民终身学习。
第二十一条 国家实行国家教育考试制度。国家教育考试由国务院教育行政部门确定种类，并由国家批准的实施教育考试的机构承办。
第二十二条 国家实行学业证书制度。经国家批准设立或者认可的学校及其他教育机构按照国家有关规定，颁发学历证书或者其他学业证书。
第二十三条 国家实行学位制度。学位授予单位依法对达到一定学术水平或者专业技术水平的人员授予相应的学位，颁发学位证书。
第二十四条 各级人民政府、基层群众性自治组织和企业事业组织应当采取各种措施，开展扫除文盲的教育工作。按照国家规定具有接受扫除文盲教育能力的公民，应当接受扫除文盲的教育。
第二十五条 国家实行教育督导制度和学校及其他教育机构教育评估制度。
第三章 学校及其他教育机构
第二十六条 国家制定教育发展规划，并举办学校及其他教育机构。国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体、其他社会组织及公民个人依法举办学校及其他教育机构。国家举办学校及其他教育机构，应当坚持勤俭节约的原则。以财政性经费、捐赠资产举办或者参与举办的学校及其他教育机构不得设立为营利性组织。
第二十七条 设立学校及其他教育机构，必须具备下列基本条件：
(一)有组织机构和章程;
(二)有合格的教师;
(三)有符合规定标准的教学场所及设施、设备等;
(四)有必备的办学资金和稳定的经费来源。
第二十八条 学校及其他教育机构的设立、变更和终止，应当按照国家有关规定办理审核、批准、注册或者备案手续。
第二十九条 学校及其他教育机构行使下列权利：
(一)按照章程自主管理;
(二)组织实施教育教学活动;
(三)招收学生或者其他受教育者;
(四)对受教育者进行学籍管理，实施奖励或者处分;
(五)对受教育者颁发相应的学业证书;
(六)聘任教师及其他职工，实施奖励或者处分;
(七)管理、使用本单位的设施和经费;
(八)拒绝任何组织和个人对教育教学活动的非法干涉;
(九)法律、法规规定的其他权利。国家保护学校及其他教育机构的合法权益不受侵犯。
第三十条 学校及其他教育机构应当履行下列义务：
(一)遵守法律、法规;
(二)贯彻国家的教育方针，执行国家教育教学标准，保证教育教学质量;
(三)维护受教育者、教师及其他职工的合法权益;
(四)以适当方式为受教育者及其监护人了解受教育者的学业成绩及其他有关情况提供便利;
(五)遵照国家有关规定收取费用并公开收费项目;
(六)依法接受监督。
第三十一条 学校及其他教育机构的举办者按照国家有关规定，确定其所举办的学校或者其他教育机构的管理体制。学校及其他教育机构的校长或者主要行政负责人必须由具有中华人民共和国国籍、在中国境内定居、并具备国家规定任职条件的公民担任，其任免按照国家有关规定办理。学校的教学及其他行政管理，由校长负责。学校及其他教育机构应当按照国家有关规定，通过以教师为主体的教职工代表大会等组织形式，保障教职工参与民主管理和监督。
第三十二条 学校及其他教育机构具备法人条件的，自批准设立或者登记注册之日起取得法人资格。学校及其他教育机构在民事活动中依法享有民事权利，承担民事责任。学校及其他教育机构中的国有资产属于国家所有。学校及其他教育机构兴办的校办产业独立承担民事责任。
第四章 教师和其他教育工作者
第三十三条 教师享有法律规定的权利，履行法律规定的义务，忠诚于人民的教育事业。
第三十四条 国家保护教师的合法权益，改善教师的工作条件和生活条件，提高教师的社会地位。教师的工资报酬、福利待遇，依照法律、法规的规定办理。
第三十五条 国家实行教师资格、职务、聘任制度，通过考核、奖励、培养和培训，提高教师素质，加强教师队伍建设。
第三十六条 学校及其他教育机构中的管理人员，实行教育职员制度。学校及其他教育机构中的教学辅助人员和其他专业技术人员，实行专业技术职务聘任制度。
第五章 受教育者
第三十七条 受教育者在入学、升学、就业等方面依法享有平等权利。学校和有关行政部门应当按照国家有关规定，保障女子在入学、升学、就业、授予学位、派出留学等方面享有同男子平等的权利。
第三十八条 国家、社会对符合入学条件、家庭经济困难的儿童、少年、青年，提供各种形式的资助。
第三十九条 国家、社会、学校及其他教育机构应当根据残疾人身心特性和需要实施教育，并为其提供帮助和便利。
第四十条 国家、社会、家庭、学校及其他教育机构应当为有违法犯罪行为的未成年人接受教育创造条件。
第四十一条 从业人员有依法接受职业培训和继续教育的权利和义务。国家机关、企业事业组织和其他社会组织，应当为本单位职工的学习和培训提供条件和便利。
第四十二条 国家鼓励学校及其他教育机构、社会组织采取措施，为公民接受终身教育创造条件。
第四十三条 受教育者享有下列权利：
(一)参加教育教学计划安排的各种活动，使用教育教学设施、设备、图书资料;
(二)按照国家有关规定获得奖学金、贷学金、助学金;
(三)在学业成绩和品行上获得公正评价，完成规定的学业后获得相应的学业证书、学位证书;
(四)对学校给予的处分不服向有关部门提出申诉，对学校、教师侵犯其人身权、财产权等合法权益，提出申诉或者依法提起诉讼;
(五)法律、法规规定的其他权利。
第四十四条 受教育者应当履行下列义务：
(一)遵守法律、法规;
(二)遵守学生行为规范，尊敬师长，养成良好的思想品德和行为习惯;
(三)努力学习，完成规定的学习任务;
(四)遵守所在学校或者其他教育机构的管理制度。
第四十五条 教育、体育、卫生行政部门和学校及其他教育机构应当完善体育、卫生保健设施，保护学生的身心健康。
第六章 教育与社会
第四十六条 国家机关、军队、企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人，应当依法为儿童、少年、青年学生的身心健康成长创造良好的社会环境。
第四十七条 国家鼓励企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织同高等学校、中等职业学校在教学、科研、技术开发和推广等方面进行多种形式的合作。企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人，可以通过适当形式，支持学校的建设，参与学校管理。
第四十八条 国家机关、军队、企业事业组织及其他社会组织应当为学校组织的学生实习、社会实践活动提供帮助和便利。
第四十九条 学校及其他教育机构在不影响正常教育教学活动的前提下，应当积极参加当地的社会公益活动。
第五十条 未成年人的父母或者其他监护人应当为其未成年子女或者其他被监护人受教育提供必要条件。未成年人的父母或者其他监护人应当配合学校及其他教育机构，对其未成年子女或者其他被监护人进行教育。学校、教师可以对学生家长提供家庭教育指导。
第五十一条 图书馆、博物馆、科技馆、文化馆、美术馆、体育馆(场)等社会公共文化体育设施，以及历史文化古迹和革命纪念馆(地)，应当对教师、学生实行优待，为受教育者接受教育提供便利。广播、电视台(站)应当开设教育节目，促进受教育者思想品德、文化和科学技术素质的提高。
第五十二条 国家、社会建立和发展对未成年人进行校外教育的设施。学校及其他教育机构应当同基层群众性自治组织、企业事业组织、社会团体相互配合，加强对未成年人的校外教育工作。
第五十三条 国家鼓励社会团体、社会文化机构及其他社会组织和个人开展有益于受教育者身心健康的社会文化教育活动。
第七章 教育投入与条件保障
第五十四条 国家建立以财政拨款为主、其他多种渠道筹措教育经费为辅的体制，逐步增加对教育的投入，保证国家举办的学校教育经费的稳定来源。企业事业组织、社会团体及其他社会组织和个人依法举办的学校及其他教育机构，办学经费由举办者负责筹措，各级人民政府可以给予适当支持。
第五十五条 国家财政性教育经费支出占国民生产总值的比例应当随着国民经济的发展和财政收入的增长逐步提高。具体比例和实施步骤由国务院规定。全国各级财政支出总额中教育经费所占比例应当随着国民经济的发展逐步提高。
第五十六条 各级人民政府的教育经费支出，按照事权和财权相统一的原则，在财政预算中单独列项。各级人民政府教育财政拨款的增长应当高于财政经常性收入的增长，并使按在校学生人数平均的教育费用逐步增长，保证教师工资和学生人均公用经费逐步增长。
第五十七条 国务院及县级以上地方各级人民政府应当设立教育专项资金，重点扶持边远贫困地区、少数民族地区实施义务教育。
第五十八条 税务机关依法足额征收教育费附加，由教育行政部门统筹管理，主要用于实施义务教育。省、自治区、直辖市人民政府根据国务院的有关规定，可以决定开征用于教育的地方附加费，专款专用。
第五十九条 国家采取优惠措施，鼓励和扶持学校在不影响正常教育教学的前提下开展勤工俭学和社会服务，兴办校办产业。
第六十条 国家鼓励境内、境外社会组织和个人捐资助学。
第六十一条 国家财政性教育经费、社会组织和个人对教育的捐赠，必须用于教育，不得挪用、克扣。
第六十二条 国家鼓励运用金融、信贷手段，支持教育事业的发展。
第六十三条 各级人民政府及其教育行政部门应当加强对学校及其他教育机构教育经费的监督管理，提高教育投资效益。
第六十四条地方各级人民政府及其有关行政部门必须把学校的基本建设纳入城乡建设规划，统筹安排学校的基本建设用地及所需物资，按照国家有关规定实行优先、优惠政策。
第六十五条 各级人民政府对教科书及教学用图书资料的出版发行，对教学仪器、设备的生产和供应，对用于学校教育教学和科学研究的图书资料、教学仪器、设备的进口，按照国家有关规定实行优先、优惠政策。
第六十六条国家推进教育信息化，加快教育信息基础设施建设，利用信息技术促进优质教育资源普及共享，提高教育教学水平和教育管理水平。县级以上人民政府及其有关部门应当发展教育信息技术和其他现代化教学方式，有关行政部门应当优先安排，给予扶持。国家鼓励学校及其他教育机构推广运用现代化教学方式。
第八章 教育对外交流与合作
第六十七条 国家鼓励开展教育对外交流与合作，支持学校及其他教育机构引进优质教育资源，依法开展中外合作办学，发展国际教育服务，培养国际化人才。教育对外交流与合作坚持独立自主、平等互利、相互尊重的原则，不得违反中国法律，不得损害国家主权、安全和社会公共利益。
第六十八条 中国境内公民出国留学、研究、进行学术交流或者任教，依照国家有关规定办理。
第六十九条 中国境外个人符合国家规定的条件并办理有关手续后，可以进入中国境内学校及其他教育机构学习、研究、进行学术交流或者任教，其合法权益受国家保护。
第七十条 中国对境外教育机构颁发的学位证书、学历证书及其他学业证书的承认，依照中华人民共和国缔结或者加入的国际条约办理，或者按照国家有关规定办理。
第九章 法律责任
第七十一条 违反国家有关规定，不按照预算核拨教育经费的，由同级人民政府限期核拨;情节严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。违反国家财政制度、财务制度，挪用、克扣教育经费的，由上级机关责令限期归还被挪用、克扣的经费，并对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分;构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第七十二条 结伙斗殴、寻衅滋事，扰乱学校及其他教育机构教育教学秩序或者破坏校舍、场地及其他财产的，由公安机关给予治安管理处罚;构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。侵占学校及其他教育机构的校舍、场地及其他财产的，依法承担民事责任。
第七十三条 明知校舍或者教育教学设施有危险，而不采取措施，造成人员伤亡或者重大财产损失的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法追究刑事责任。
第七十四条 违反国家有关规定，向学校或者其他教育机构收取费用的，由政府责令退还所收费用;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。
第七十五条 违反国家有关规定，举办学校或者其他教育机构的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门予以撤销;有违法所得的，没收违法所得;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。
第七十六条 学校或者其他教育机构违反国家有关规定招收学生的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退回招收的学生，退还所收费用；对学校、其他教育机构给予警告，可以处违法所得五倍以下罚款；情节严重的，责令停止相关招生资格一年以上三年以下，直至撤销招生资格、吊销办学许可证；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第七十七条 在招收学生工作中滥用职权、玩忽职守、徇私舞弊的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退回招收的不符合入学条件的人员；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
盗用、冒用他人身份，顶替他人取得的入学资格的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令撤销入学资格，并责令停止参加相关国家教育考试二年以上五年以下；已经取得学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书的，由颁发机构撤销相关证书；已经成为公职人员的，依法给予开除处分；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
与他人串通，允许他人冒用本人身份，顶替本人取得的入学资格的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令停止参加相关国家教育考试一年以上三年以下；有违法所得的，没收违法所得；已经成为公职人员的，依法给予处分；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
组织、指使盗用或者冒用他人身份，顶替他人取得的入学资格的，有违法所得的，没收违法所得；属于公职人员的，依法给予处分；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
“入学资格被顶替权利受到侵害的，可以请求恢复其入学资格。
第七十八条 学校及其他教育机构违反国家有关规定向受教育者收取费用的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门责令退还所收费用;对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。
第七十九条 考生在国家教育考试中有下列行为之一的，由组织考试的教育考试机构工作人员在考试现场采取必要措施予以制止并终止其继续参加考试；组织考试的教育考试机构可以取消其相关考试资格或者考试成绩;情节严重的，由教育行政部门责令停止参加相关国家教育考试一年以上三年以下；构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任：
(一)非法获取考试试题或者答案的；
(二)携带或者使用考试作弊器材、资料的；
(三)抄袭他人答案的；
(四)让他人代替自己参加考试的；
(五)其他以不正当手段获得考试成绩的作弊行为。
第八十条 任何组织或者个人在国家教育考试中有下列行为之一，有违法所得的，由公安机关没收违法所得，并处违法所得一倍以上五倍以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任;属于国家机关工作人员的，还应当依法给予处分：
(一)组织作弊的；
(二)通过提供考试作弊器材等方式为作弊提供帮助或者便利的；
(三)代替他人参加考试的；
(四)在考试结束前泄露、传播考试试题或者答案的；
(五)其他扰乱考试秩序的行为。
第八十一条 举办国家教育考试，教育行政部门、教育考试机构疏于管理，造成考场秩序混乱、作弊情况严重的，对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
第八十二条 学校或者其他教育机构违反本法规定，颁发学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书的，由教育行政部门或者其他有关行政部门宣布证书无效，责令收回或者予以没收;有违法所得的，没收违法所得；情节严重的，责令停止相关招生资格一年以上三年以下，直至撤销招生资格、颁发证书资格；对直接负责的主管人员和其他直接责任人员，依法给予处分。
前款规定以外的任何组织或者个人制造、销售、颁发假冒学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚；构成犯罪的，依法追究刑事责任。
以作弊、剽窃、抄袭等欺诈行为或者其他不正当手段获得学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书的，由颁发机构撤销相关证书。购买、使用假冒学位证书、学历证书或者其他学业证书，构成违反治安管理行为的，由公安机关依法给予治安管理处罚。
第八十三条 违反本法规定，侵犯教师、受教育者、学校或者其他教育机构的合法权益，造成损失、损害的，应当依法承担民事责任。
第十章 附则
第八十四条 军事学校教育由中央军事委员会根据本法的原则规定。宗教学校教育由国务院另行规定。
第八十五条 境外的组织和个人在中国境内办学和合作办学的办法，由国务院规定。
第八十六条 本法自1995年9月1日起施行。
Education Law of the People’s Republic of China
(Adopted at the third session of the eighth National People’s Congress on March 18, 1995, promulgated by Order No.45 of the President of the People’s Republic of China on March 18, 1995 and effective as of September 1, 1995)
Chapter I General Provisions
Article 1 With a view to developing educational undertakings, improving the quality of the whole nationality, accelerating the construction of the socialist material and spiritual civilization and in accordance with the Constitution of the People’s Republic of China, the present Law is hereby formulated.
Article 2 The present Law shall be applicable to all kinds of education at all levels within the territory of the People’s Republic of China.
Article 3 In developing the socialist educational undertakings, the state shall uphold Marxism-Leninism, Mao Zedong Thought and the theories of constructing socialism with Chinese characteristics as directives and comply with the basic principles of the Constitution.
Article 4 With education being the foundation for construction of socialist modernization, the state shall give priority to the development of educational undertakings.
The whole society shall pay attention and render support to the educational undertakings.
The whole society shall respect teachers.
Article 5 Education shall serve the construction of socialist modernization, be combined with production and labour and satisfy the needs of training constructors and successors with all round development of morality, intelligence and physique for the socialist cause.
Article 6 The state shall conduct education among education receivers in patriotism, collectivism and socialism as well as in ideals, ethics, discipline, legality, national defence and ethnic unity.
Article 7 Education shall be carried out in the spirit of inheriting and expanding the fine historical and cultural traditions of the Chinese nation and assimilating all the fine achievements of the civilization progress of human beings.
Article 8 Education activities shall be in the benefit of public interests of the state and the society.
The state shall separate education from religion. Any organization or individual may not employ religion to obstruct activities of the state education system.
Article 9 Citizens of the People’s Republic of China shall have the right and duty to be educated.
Citizens shall enjoy equal opportunity of education regardless of their ethnic community, race, sex, occupation, property or religious belief etc.
Article 10 The state shall help all ethnic minority regions develop educational undertakings in light of the characteristics and requirements of different ethnic minority groups.
The state shall support the development of educational undertakings in remote border areas and poverty-stricken areas.
The state shall support the development of educational undertakings for disabled people.
Article 11 The state shall fit in with the needs of the development of socialist market economy and the social progress, accelerate educational reform, promote the coordinated development of all kinds of education at all levels, establish and perfect the whole life education system.
The state shall support, encourage and organize scientific research on education, spread the scientific research achievements on education and improve the quality of education.
Article 12 The Chinese language, both oral and written, shall be the basic oral and written language for education in schools and other educational institutions. Schools or other educational institutions which mainly consist of students from ethnic minority groups may use in education the language of the respective ethnic community or the native language commonly adopted in that region.
Schools and other educational institutions shall in their educational activities popularize the nationally common spoken Chinese and the standard written characters.
Article 13 The state shall offer awards to those organizations and individuals who have made distinguished contributions to the development of educational undertakings.
Article 14 The State Council and all local People’s government at different levels shall supervise and manage the educational work according to the principle of management by different levels and division of labour with individual responsibility.
Secondary and lower education shall be managed by the local People’s government under the leadership of the State Council.
Higher education shall be managed by the State Council and the People’s government of province, autonomous region or municipality directly under the central government.
Article 15 The department of the State Council in charge of educational administration shall be responsible for the educational works of the whole country, make overall plans and coordinate the management of educational undertakings of the whole country.
The departments in charge of educational administration under the local People’s government at and above the county level shall be responsible for the educational works within the jurisdiction of the respective administrative region.
Other relevant departments of the People’s government at and above the county level shall be responsible for relevant educational works within their terms of reference.
Article 16 The State Council and the local People’s government at and above the county level shall report to the People’s congress at the respective level or its standing committee on educational works, budgets and financial accounts of educational expenditures and submit to their supervision.
Chapter II Basic Educational System
Article 17 The state shall adopt a school education system including infant school education, primary education, secondary education and higher education.
The state shall establish scientific school system. Regulations in regard to institution of schools and other educational institutions within the school system, forms of education, length of schooling, admissions requirements and educational objectives shall be formulated by the State Council or the departments in charge of educational administration so authorized by the State Council.
Article 18 The state shall adopt a nine-year compulsory education system.
The People’s government at different levels shall adopt every measure to ensure that children and juveniles of school age go to school.
Parents and guardians of children and juveniles of school age and relevant social organizations or individuals shall have the duty to ensure that children and juveniles of school age complete the compulsory education of a prescribed length.
Article 19 The state shall adopt a vocational education system and an adult education system.
The People’s government at different levels, relevant administrative departments, enterprises and institutions shall adopt measures to develop and ensure for citizens vocational school education or vocational training in various forms.
The state shall encourage the development of adult education in various forms and make sure that citizens receive proper forms of education in politics, economy, culture, science, technology, profession and whole life education as well.
Article 20 The state shall adopt a national examination system of education.
The national educational examinations shall be categorized by the department in charge of educational administration under the State Council and be conducted by institutions authorized by the state to organize examinations.
Article 21 The state shall adopt a schooling credentials system.
Schools and other educational institutions with the approval or consent of the state shall confer schooling credentials or other schooling certificates according to corresponding regulations of the state.
Article 22 The state shall adopt an academic degree system.
The units who confer academic degrees shall confer correspondent titles of academic degree upon people who have achieved certain academic standards or professional standards of technology and award the corresponding academic credentials.
Article 23 The People’s government at different levels, self-managed mass organizations at grass-roots level and organizations in enterprises and institutions shall take every measure to develop education to eliminate illiteracy.
Citizens who according to the state statutes have the capacity to receive education intended for elimination of illiteracy shall receive such education.
Article 24 The state shall adopt educational inspection system and educational assessment system for schools and other educational institutions.
Chapter III Schools and Other Educational Institutions
Article 25 The state shall formulate plans for educational development and institute schools and other educational institutions.
The state shall encourage enterprises, institutions, mass associations, other social organizations and private citizens to establish schools and other educational institutions according to the law.
Any organization or individual may not establish schools or other educational institutions for the purpose of making profit.
Article 26 The establishment of schools or other educational institutions shall be subject to the following requirements of availability:
(1) organized institution and constitution;
(2) qualified teachers;
(3) teaching and learning rooms, facilities and equipment that meet the prescribed standards;
(4) funds necessary for operation of the school and steady source of capital injection.
Article 27 The establishment, change or termination of a school or other educational institution shall go through procedures of examination, approval, registration or record according to corresponding state stipulations.
Article 28 A school or other educational institution shall exercise following rights:
(1) autonomous management according to constitution;
(2) organizing and conducting educational activities:
(3) recruiting students or other education receivers;
(4) exercising school administration over education receivers and awarding prize or imposing punishment;
(5) awarding corresponding schooling credentials upon education receivers;
(6) employing teachers or other staff and awarding prizes or imposing punishments;
(7) managing and using facilities and capitals of the own unit;
(8) refusing to accept any illegal interference into the educational and teaching/learning activities by any organization or individual;
(9) other rights as provided for by the law and regulations.
The state shall protect schools and other educational institutions from breach of their legitimate rights and interests.
Article 29 Schools and other educational institutions shall perform the following duties:
(1) obeying the law and regulations;
(2) implementing the state directives on education, practising the state educational and teaching/learning standards and guaranteeing the quality of teaching and learning;
(3) safeguarding the legitimate rights and interests of the education receivers, teachers and other staffs;
(4) providing convenience in a proper manner for education receivers and their guardians to be informed of the receivers’ school achievements and other results;
(5) charging fees according to relevant state prescriptions and making public the charges;
(6) submitting to supervision according to the law.
Article 30 Schools and other educational institutions sponsors shall decide on the management of schools and other educational institutions according to concerned state regulations.
Headmasters or chiefs of schools and other educational institutions shall be those who are of the Chinese nationality, residing in the territory of China and fit for the conditions prescribed by the state. Their appointment and removal shall be made according to corresponding procedures provided for by the state. Headmasters of schools shall be held responsible for teaching/learning activities and administration.
Schools and other educational institutions shall guarantee the participation of teachers and staffs in democratic management and supervision through the organic form such as the teachers and staffs congress mainly consisting of teachers in accordance with relevant provisions of the state.
Article 31 Schools and other educational institutions who have satisfied conditions for legal persons shall obtain the status of legal persons from the date of approval or registration of legal persons.
Schools and other educational institutions shall enjoy civil rights and interests and bear civil liabilities in civil activities according to the law.
State owned assets of schools and other educational institutions shall be within the ownership of the state.
Enterprises sponsored by schools and other educational institutions shall solely undertake civil liabilities of their own.
Chapter IV Teachers and Other Educational Workers
Article 32 Teachers shall enjoy the rights and interests stipulated by the law, perform duties prescribed by the law and devote to the People’s education cause.
Article 33 The state shall protect the legitimate rights and interests of teachers, improve the working and living conditions of teachers and higher the social status of teachers.
The teachers’ salaries, remuneration and welfare shall be handled according to the provisions of laws and regulations.
Article 34 The state shall adopt a qualification-based post employment system, improve the quality of teachers and strengthen the development of teachers by way of examination, rewards, cultivation and training.
Article 35 Schools and other educational institutions shall adopt an educational staffs system for their management.
Schools and other educational institutions shall adopt a professional-skills-based posts employment system.
Chapter V Education Receivers
Article 36 Education receivers shall enjoy equal rights in going to school, entering higher school, employment and etc.
Schools and relevant administrative departments shall guarantee that females enjoy equal rights with males in enrolment to school, admission to higher school, employment, conferment of academic degrees and being dispatched to study abroad.
Article 37 The state and society shall provide with different forms of financial aids to children, juveniles and youths who are eligible for schooling but in poor families.
Article 38 The state, society, schools and other educational institutions shall organize education in consideration of the physical and mental characteristics and requirements of disabled people and offer them assistance and convenience.
Article 39 The state, society, schools and other educational institutions shall create conditions for those minor offenders to receive education.
Article 40 Employees shall have the right and duty to receive vocational training and continuous education according to the law.
State organs, enterprises, institutions and other social organizations shall provide conditions and convenience for the learning and training of their own staffs.
Article 41 The state shall encourage schools, other educational institutions and social organizations to create conditions for the whole life education of citizens.
Article 42 Education receivers shall enjoy the following rights and interests according to the law:
(1) participating in different activities conducted in accordance with educational programme or teaching/learning syllabus; using educational or teaching/learning facilities, equipment or books and materials;
(2) obtaining scholarships, loans for education and stipends according to relevant state regulations;
(3) obtaining fair assessment in terms of academic achievements and behaviour; being conferred correspondent credentials of learning and academic degrees upon fulfilment of prescribed school work;
(4) bringing a complaint ro the relevant department in case of refusal to accept a disciplinary action of the school; bringing a complaint or a suit according to the law if the right of personal safety or property has been infringed upon by the school or the teacher;
(5) other rights and interests as are provided for by the law and regulations.
Article 43 Education receivers shall perform the following duties:
(1) abiding by laws and regulations;
(2) observing conduct standards of the school; showing respect to teachers and developing sound ideology, good morals and behaviour habits;
(3) studying strenuously and fulfilling assigned learning tasks;
(4) obeying rules of the school or other educational institution to which the education receiver is attached.
Article 44 Administrations of education, physical education and health, schools and other educational institutions shall improve sports and health care facilities and protect the physical and mental health of students.
Chapter VI Education and Society
Article 45 State organs, the army, enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations and individuals shall create good social environment for the healthy growing-up of children, juveniles and young students.
Article 46 The state shall encourage enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations to cooperate by various ways with higher education schools, secondary vocational schools in teaching and learning, scientific research, technology development and dissemination.
Enterprises, institutions, public organizations and other social organizations and individuals may support the construction of schools and participate in management through proper forms.
Article 47 State organs, the army, enterprises, institutions and other social organizations shall render assistance and convenience for student’s internships and social practice arranged by schools.
Article 48 Schools and other educational institutions shall take an active part in local public welfare activities under the precondition that normal educational and teaching/learning activities are not affected.
Article 49 Parents or other guardians of minors shall provide necessary conditions for their minor children or other minors under their guardianship to receive education.
Parents or other guardians of minors shall coordinate with schools or the other institutions of education in educating their minor children or children under their guardianship.
Schools and teachers may furnish parents of students with guidance for family education.
Article 50 Libraries, museums, science and technology centres, cultural centres, art galleries, stadiums (gymnasiums) and other public cultural and sports facilities as well as places of historic and cultural interest and revolutionary memorial halls (sites) shall give preferential treatment to teachers and students and provide convenience for educatees to receive education.
Radio and television stations (centres) shall offer educational programs designed to help enhance the ideology and moral character and cultural, scientific and technological qualities of educatees.
Article 51 The State and society shall establish educational facilities for minors to receive after-school education.
Schools and other institutions of education shall coordinate with grassroots autonomous organizations of a mass character, enterprises, institutions and public organizations to strengthen after-school education of minors.
Article 52 The State encourages public organizations, social and cultural institutions, other social organizations and individuals to offer social, cultural and educational activities that are conducive to the sound development in body and mind of educatees.
Chapter VII Education Investment and Safeguards of Conditions
Article 53 The State practises a system wherein government appropriations constitute the main body of the educational appropriations, supplemented by funds raised from a variety of other sources, and the State shall gradually increase its educational input so as to ensure a stable source of education appropriations for State-run schools.
With respect to schools and other institutions of education established and run by enterprises, institutional organizations, public organizations, other social organizations or citizens their operating expenses shall be raised by the respective sponsors; the people’s governments at various levels may provide them with appropriate support.
Article 54 The proportion of educational appropriations in gross national products allocated by the State shall gradually rise as the national economy develops and financial revenue increases. The specific proportion and measures for implementation shall be prescribed by the State Council. The proportion of educational appropriations allocated by governments at various levels shall gradually rise along with the development of the national economy.
Article 55 The educational appropriations of the people’s governments at various levels shall be listed separately in their fiscal budgets in accordance with the principle of their unified authority over the administrative affairs and the financial affairs.
The people’s governments at various levels shall see to it that their appropriations for education shall increase at a faster rate than their regular revenues, that the average expenditure on per enrolled student shall increase steadily and that the teachers’ salaries and the average public expenditure per student shall increase steadily.
Article 56 The State Council and the local people’s governments at the county level or above shall establish specific funds for education to be used mainly for assisting outlying and poverty-stricken areas and areas inhabited by minority ethnic groups in enforcing compulsory education there..
Article 57 Taxation authorities shall collect in full the extra charges of education funds, all of which shall be controlled by the administrative departments of education and used mainly for enforcement of compulsory education.
Pursuant to the relevant regulations of the State Council, the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the central government may decide to levy local extra charges for educational purpose, which shall be used exclusively for education.
The people’s governments at the township level shall make arrangements for the collection of the extra charges of education funds incorporated in the overall planning of rural townships, which shall be administered by the administrative departments of education at the county level on behalf of the rural townships or by the people’s governments of townships and shall be used for educational undertakings at the township and village levels of their respective townships. The specific proportion of the extra charges of education funds incorporated in the overall planning of rural townships and the specific measures for the administration thereof shall be prescribed by the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions, or municipalities directly under the Central Government.
Article 58 The State shall adopt preferential measures to encourage and help schools to launch work-study programmes, to provide services for the community and to set up school factories, on condition that this shall not affect normal education and teaching.
Article 59 With the approval of the people’s government at the county level, the people’s governments of townships, or ethnic minority townships or towns may, on the basis of voluntariness and according to their own capability, raise funds in their own administrative areas for education. Funds thus raised shall be for new buildings for schools providing compulsory education; such funds shall not be used for any other purpose.
Article 60 The State encourages social organizations and individuals both at home and abroad to donate money for education in China.
Article 61 Educational appropriations from the State and contributions and donations offered by social organizations or individuals for education shall be used for education only; they shall not be diverted to any other purposes or withheld.
Article 62 The state encourages the use of loans and other financial means to support the development of educational undertakings.
Article 63 The people’s governments at various levels and their administrative departments of education shall strengthen supervision and control over educational appropriations for schools and other institutions of education in order to achieve better results of investment in education.
Article 64 Local people’s governments at various levels and their relevant administrative departments shall incorporate capital construction for schools into rural and urban construction plans, make overall arrangements for the land and materials needed for capital construction for schools, and give priority to and adopt preferential policies towards such capital construction in accordance with related regulations set by the State.
Article 65 The people’s governments at various levels shall, in accordance with the relevant regulations set by the State, give priority and adopt preferential policies with regard to publication and distribution of textbooks and other printed materials for the purpose of teaching and learning, the production and supply of teaching and learning instruments and equipment, and the import of books and other printed materials, teaching and learning instruments and equipment for education and scientific research.
Article 66 The people’s government at the county level or above shall develop education via satellite television and other modern means for teaching and learning, and the administrative departments concerned shall give such development priority and support.
The State encourages the wide use of modern means in teaching and learning by schools and other institutions of education.
Chapter VIII External Exchange and Cooperation
Article 67 The state encourages foreign exchange and cooperation in education.
In conducting foreign exchange and cooperation in education, the principles of independence, equality, mutual benefit and mutual respect shall be adhered to, the laws of the People’s Republic of China shall not be violated, and the State sovereignty, and security and the public interests shall not be harmed.
Article 68 To go abroad for study, research, academic exchange or teaching purposes by Chinese citizens within the territory of China shall be handled according to the relevant regulations of the State.
Article 69 Individuals outside the territory of China, who meet the requirements of the State and complete the relevant formalities, may enter China to study, do research, engage in academic exchange, or teach in schools or other institutions of education. Their lawful rights and interests shall be protected by the State.
Article 70 Recognition of the academic degree certificates, educational qualification certificates and other types of education certificates issued by institutions of education outside the territory of China shall be governed by the international treaties to which China is a signatory party or has acceded, or the relevant regulations of the State.
Chapter IX Legal Responsibility
Article 71 Where in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, the educational appropriations are not examined and allocated as specified in the budget, the people’s governments at the corresponding level shall set a time limit for such examination and allocation; if the case is serious, leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Where, in violation of the State’s fiscal system or financial system, educational appropriations are diverted to other purposes or withheld, the organ at a higher level shall order the return, within a time limit, of the part of the appropriations that is diverted to other purposes or withheld and shall impose, in accordance with the law, administrative sanctions on the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it; if the case constitutes a crime, criminal responsibility shall be investigated according to the law.
Article 72 If anyone engages in gang-fighting or stirs up quarrels, thus disturbing the educational or teaching order of schools or other institutions of education, or destroy school buildings, sites or other property, he shall be given administrative penalties for public security by public security organs; if the case constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the law.
If anyone who illegally occupies school buildings, sites or other property, he shall bear civil liabilities according to the law.
Article 73 If anyone knowingly fails to take measures with regard to the school buildings or educational or teaching facilities that are dangerous, thus causing human casualties or heavy losses of property, the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the law.
Article 74 If anyone, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, collects fees from a school or any other institution of education, he shall be ordered by the government concerned to return the fees thus collected; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Article 75 If anyone, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, establishes schools or other institutions of education, such schools or institutions shall be dissolved by the administrative department of education; the unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Article 76 If anyone, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, enrolls students or other trainees, he shall be ordered by the administrative department of education to send back such students or trainees and to return the fees thus collected; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Article 77 If anyone practices favouritism or other irregularities in enrolling students or other trainees, he shall be ordered by the relevant administrative department of education to dismiss the students or trainees; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law; if the case constitutes a crime, the offender shall be investigated for criminal responsibility according to the law.
Article 78 Where schools or other institutions of education, in violation of the relevant regulations of the State, collect fees from educatees, such schools or institutions shall be ordered by the relevant administrative department of education to return the fees thus collected; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Article 79 If cheating on a national education examination is found, the relevant administrative department of education shall nullify the examination, and shall, in accordance with the law, impose administrative sanctions on the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it.
A national education examination that is held illegally shall be nullified by the relevant administrative department of education; the unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; the leading persons directly in charge and other persons directly responsible for it shall be given administrative sanctions according to the law.
Article 80 The relevant administrative department of education shall nullify the academic degree certificates, educational qualification certificates or other education certificates that are issued in violation of the provisions of this Law, and shall order their return or confiscation; the unlawful gains, if any, shall be confiscated; if the case is serious, the institution concerned shall be disqualified for conferring the certificates.
Article 81 If anyone, in violation of the provisions of this Law, infringes upon the lawful rights and interests of teachers, educatees or schools or other institutions of education, thus causing losses or damage, he shall bear civil liabilities according to the law.
Chapter X Supplementary Provisions
Article 82 Regulations on education in military schools shall be formulated by the Central Military Commission in accordance with the principles of this Law.
Regulations on education in religious schools shall be formulated by the State Council separately.
Article 83 Measures governing the establishment of schools within the territory of China by organizations or individuals outside China or through their cooperation with organizations or individuals inside China shall be formulated by the State Council.
Article 84 This Law shall go into effect as of September 1, 1995.
Original link：http://en.moe.gov.cn/documents/laws_policies/201506/t20150626_191385.html
